Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
RNA is the second important nucleic acid of the cell. This
nucleic acid is made up of ribose sugar, phosphate molecules and four types of nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil. The nucleotide i.e. smallest unit of the chain of the RNA
molecule is formed by combination of a ribose sugar , phosphate molecule and one of the nitrogenous bases. Large numbers of nucleotides are bonded together to form the macromolecule of RNA. According to function, there are three types of RNA.
1. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) : The molecule of RNA which is a
component of the ribosome organelle is called a ribosomal RNA.Ribosomes perform the function of protein synthesis.
2. Messenger RNA (mRNA) : The RNA molecule that carries the
information of protein synthesis from genes i.e. DNA chain in the cell nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm which produce the proteins, is called messenger RNA.
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) : The RNA molecule which, according
to the message of the mRNA carries the amino acid up to the ribosomes is called transfer RNA.
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